take on the connotation of a specific adversary—i.e., “the Adversary,” or “Satan.” This figure is mentioned in three Old Testament books. In 1 Chronicles Satan, portrayed as standing “against” Israel, incites David to institute a census (1 Chr 21:1; cf. 2 Sam 24:1). Job presents a more complex picture of Satan. First, Satan is one of “the sons of God” who present themselves before the Lord periodically (Job 1:6; 2:1). Second, he goes “to and fro” on the earth (Job 1:7; 2:2). Third, he accuses Job
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